Kelimutu Object Not Just Attraction type Nature

Tricolor Lake Kelimutu in Ende, Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, not just the natural attractions that have drawn the attention of travelers from around the world. Tourist attraction in the form of three craters with water it should always different colors as well as a cultural and religious tourism.

Kelimutu not just following a volcanic explosion in 1830 left the enormity of watery crater three different colors, red, white and blue. From the first, ethnic Lio Ende believes that it is the third crater around the dwelling place of their ancestors who have died.

If during the life covered in evil deeds, believed after death spirits will inhabit the crater lake eerie dark red called Tiwu ata polo.

In contrast, white-colored crater lakes or Tiwu ata Mbupu is the dwelling place of the spirits of the elders who take straight during his lifetime.

While the other crater lake with blue water or Tiwu nua muri koo fai believed to be the palace of the younger spirits when life has always been a source of joy for others.

Part of the mythology it is the advice as well behave warning for posterity ethnic Lio Ende from time to time. Advice was to be adhered to in the future after death, his spirit resides in a comfortable place in Tiwu Ata Mbupu or Tiwu nua muri koo fai.

Until the last decades a number of Mosalaki (landlord) of the area around Kelimutu still hold traditional rituals giving offerings to the ancestors at the top of the mountain. The ritual was to be revived.

Kelimutu is a magical mountain because it has three different colors crater filled with water with all myth. It can be packed into a cultural tourism destination and a local religious-based religious combined with Catholic ordinances.

Thus the conclusion of the discussion "The existence of Kelimutu in the perception and interpretation Tribal Lio Ende", in Kupang (02/28/2014). (ans)

Overcoming Difficulties of Life

The difficulties of life can be classified into several.

First, the difficulties that are catastrophic, when we suddenly, unexpectedly, had to overcome the difficulties caused by volcanic eruptions or floods. This disaster struck daily life already feels established and prosperous.

Secondly, the difficulty as a result of the development stage of life we need to take, such as the transition stage of mental development to adulthood retirement age, with a variety of adjustments that have to go through.

Third, the actual difficulties we face in our daily lives, such as a sudden heavy rain and we had to go through the traffic jams. Angry, upset, struck us, while life must continue. Ask yourself, are we going to make ourselves glued without power and attempt to resolve it until his death?

American clinical psychologist, Dr. Zoppo, said the most important thing is not to allow yourself to be in a state of decline. So, we can actually do something to help us through the bad situation.

What would we can do when we are aware of the downturn?

1 Allow us to be sad for a moment

Cry your heart's content, do not hold your grief. Through tears, we not only make ourselves self-pity, but also crying is an expression of emotion that must be removed.

With a cry, despite the burden on our shoulders and our bodies become lighter taste. The cries turned out to be the opening of a layer of self-defense aspect of human consciousness, the crying finally we are able to accept the reality.

2 Face the challenges that lie ahead

Other barriers to lead to mental health is a tendency to escape from reality by means of unproductive actions, even destroying themselves, such as filling the void feeling at the loss figure by way of guidance as getting drunk, drinking, gambling, or eating continues without control.

To overcome this we should be able to judge ourselves, why we prefer to escape from trouble ?. Are not we supposed to make of these difficulties as challenges that we must face.

Prof. De Kolk of Boston suggest some tips below. "It is very important for us to exert our attention to other things besides our difficulties".

Therefore, consider the various tips below.

A. Join a social activity that intends to provide support for people who get in trouble in his life. Why? Because you need a friend chat and friend talk the most effective are the ones who have been able to overcome the difficulties.

B. Read, look for inspirational reading for the contents of the text will make you relax and allow you to get inspired way of resolving the difficulty.

C. Create a diary, a lot of people get a sense of comfort with writing down bad experiences. Diary will make you obtain help from yourself.

D. Plan a trip or certain activities. With these ideas, you can expect something in the future that will make you become refreshed.

E. Learn new skills, such as a new hobby or a new sport. New skills to make your passions resurfaced.

F. Give the Gift yourself with something that you want. Maybe just by doing simple things, like getting up early, shower, and wash the hair with warm water that is comfortable in the body, prepare breakfast other than normal, then it will make the gift of self that makes physically feels comfortable.

G. Moderate exercise regularly will make the physical feel fresh and physical freshness will affect the mental freshness anyway.

3 Exit the confines oneself

After briefly allowing yourself sad and cried all, get out of the confines of self-pity. Begin to open up the view that many people are worse off than ourselves. Join social agencies to provide assistance to others. By helping others, our mind will be filled by anything else than slumped continue with our own difficulties.

4 more patient with myself

By providing sufficient time lag, while making efforts to overcome the problems themselves, then the recovery efforts calmness and mental health we would be more stable.

Finally, choose the tips that fit mental state, social, and physical solutions to accelerate the acquisition of the difficulties of life that we experience. Life must go on. Bravo!

Easy Ways Against Sense of Lazy

Laziness can come unexpectedly, the cause of any variety. Besides the weather, laziness is also present because the condition of the body is not prime. The habit of staying up late or often makes the body tired and less enthusiastic.

Whatever the cause, laziness is very disturbing, and even can make the work piled up that sparked us to work even harder. There are simple steps that can be done to overcome the laziness.

Office work is complex or complicated harmless divided into smaller parts. When given the task of making a presentation or report, for example, you can divide the job into several stages. For example, to frame the issue or topic.

With these steps, the work will be lighter and structured. Arriving at the office, a topic that has been prepared is staying developed with other materials.

Laziness can also be minimized by giving awards to themselves. Nothing wrong if you take the time to relax, and refresh the mind. Talks relaxing with colleagues while snacking, can provide a relaxed atmosphere and generate fresh ideas.

Sport activities after work is another way to block feeling lazy. This will create a fresh mind after exercise with colleagues work together. And most importantly, utilize the holiday for recreation with family or significant others.

Willem I asleep in Ambarawa

Willem I station stands proudly with old locomotives. The station building is set to be Ambarawa Railway Museum since October 6 1976 In the era of the Dutch East Indies, the station was an important part of the railway line in the early days.

Willem I station was completed and started operating trains to cross Semarang branch-Kedung jati-Ambarawa on May 21, 1873 Name of Willem I pinned by name fort logistical and military barracks Dutch-Fort Willem-location not far from the station.

The Fort William I built in 1834-1845. Local people called it as until now Pendem Castle (undercurrent).

Willem I name was taken from the name of the first king of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau (1772-1843).

Ambarawa selected as a strategic military stronghold after Diponegoro War (1825-1830). The city became a crossing from the direction of Semarang to Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Railway development in Ambarawa very important for the deployment of Dutch military at that time. Because of the critical importance of Central Java, in the Dutch East Indies era, the entire area of ​​the county or city in Central Java in the past the railway line. There is only one district that did not passed the railway line, which Salatiga. One of the reasons, geographical factors.

However, over time, economic growth, and the development of road infrastructure from Semarang to Ambarawa shorter, the train-slowly but surely-not compete, even abandoned.

On June 1, 1970, the railway line Kedungjati towards Ambarawa really is not enabled anymore. The path Ambarawa-Tuntang still turned on for tourist trains. The reverse direction, from Ambarawa heading Stasiun Jambu to Yogyakarta, also kept alive for tourist railroad.

Tourist train from Ambarawa also still in service today. Famous tourist train from Ambarawa to Bedono locomotive steam is jagged. Serrations on the spin machine was vital to the upward trajectory.

Now Willem I station was falling asleep. Not serve passengers and goods transport pathways. But Willem I Station ready awakened again. Not for mere nostalgia, but rather to be the solution of transport problems and the movement of people and goods. It's never too late to start and following the lines of the other dead. (nawa)

Running, Strengthen Heart 50 Percent Power

Running is not only easy and cheap, but also can strengthen the heart by 50 percent. To get maximum results, running should be done regularly and in the right way.

Running regularly 3-5 times a week, with a duration of 20-60 minutes each session, was able to gradually strengthen the heart. In a period of six weeks, the power of the heart, will be strengthened as much as 10-20 percent.

By running routine and healthy lifestyle, the diameter of the blood vessels in the heart will be enlarged. Thus, the heart became more able to receive incoming blood flow and the blood pumping more, so that the process becomes more efficient pumping of the heart.

Running more effectively move all the muscles as a jumping activity on an ongoing basis and there are no captive media to the body. Pedestal foot and in theory only against the force of gravity.

Measuring cardiac power can be carried out independently by pulse counting, especially when you wake up in the morning. For example, if a person has a pulse of 60 beats per minute, meaning that the heart pumps blood every second. The lower the number of pulses every minute, the stronger the power of the heart because the heart is working harder to pump blood.

Normal people at rest have 60-80 times the number of pulses per minute. While those who regularly run, recorded the lowest pulse 30-40 times per minute.

Before running, you should measure the maximum pulse rate to determine the targets to be achieved. You do this by using the formula 220 minus age. Target for beginner runners is 70 percent of the reduction results.

There are four important things that should be known to the public when it ran, namely; endurance, strength, endurance, and recovery. It can be included in the training materials with varying patterns.

People who want to run should know the basics first so that the exercise can be maximized and not make the injury in the future. In addition to the selection of shoes, heating and cooling are also very influential.

The pattern is also an important step in the run and should be known. Try the time set foot, the center of the first to land. The front is only used when running fast.

Nowadays, many people are misguided on several processes and treatments while running. Some of them use a jacket, banned from drinking cold water after running, and use of a false break.

Using a jacket while running it will spend a lot of sweat. However, it is fluid, not fat burning.

Cold water will be very helpful when finished exercising. Therefore, the water temperature of 10-15 degrees Celsius will be quickly absorbed by the body so quickly replaced the lost fluid.

Each exercise should insert a rest intervals range from 2-5 minutes. However, not by sitting or discontinue the total activity. Rest will largely determine the success of the exercise. Rest is how to take advantage of the time to control the condition of the body after the move quickly. (a1o)

Children and Sports

Doing regular exercise and routine is very beneficial for everyone, including children. By getting used to exercising properly, it can encourage the baby to have good health habits when he adulthood.

Benefits of exercise for children, including weight management, practice motor skills, muscles of the heart, lungs, and bones, as well as increased confidence.

Sports are also able to instill positive moral values ​​to children. With exercise, kids can learn to work together in teams, set strategies, and practice leadership. And exercise can encourage children to understand the value of sportsmanship, overcoming fear, and increased confidence.

Cycling, a bicycle is not only fun to play, but it also gives a lot of benefits. Through cycling, kids can hone gross motor skills, coordination of the body, and learn to trust yourself.

Football, is a favorite sport of many people. With soccer practice, a child can learn to work together with the team, increase stamina and better coordination, as well as train speed and discipline.

Jogging, running relaxed in the morning can be a good routine done with your baby. Jogging exercise is proven to maintain a healthy heart, bones, and the eyes of children and support concentration.

There are various exercises you can do, which then can be occupied and be the baby's favorite sport. Do it regularly and take the benefits. (ajg)

One Handling Premature Babies Need to Know

Premature babies prone to decline under nomal temperature (less than 36.5 degrees Celsius). This drop in temperature can result in babies having shortness of breath, weak, pale, or blue from lack of oxygen. If not addressed immediately, this drop in temperature can lead to death.

One of the efforts that can be done by the community to prevent the drop in temperature of premature infants is wearing a cap and Kangaroo Care (PMK). Kangaroo care is a method of newborn care by embedding the baby in the mother's chest and the other family members (skin contact with the baby) so baby stays warm temperatures.

Equipment maintenance kangaroo method used in clothing for the mother's mother is a cozy and warm at room temperature and Support binder (bonding / pads archery baby continues to be in a position to mother's chest). Support binders are clothes and fine fabrics kangaroo is about 1 meter long folded diagonally and made ​​a safety knot. While the equipment is used in infants cap, diaper, and socks.

The terms that were undertaken before the kangaroo care method is to wash hands properly. Position used in the PMK is the baby placed perpendicularly attached to the skin on the mother's chest between the breasts, and naked baby wearing only a diaper, hat and socks, mother and baby covered by a special cloth or clothes, skin adhesions should be as large and attached directly without intermediaries. After the baby is well, kangaroo outfit tied to hold the baby. Furthermore, the mother can move as usual, carrying her baby in an upright position on the mother's chest (skin to skin contact) like a kangaroo.

Kangaroo care method provides benefits to infants, mothers, and fathers. Benefits of kangaroo care method in infants as a stable heart rate, breathing more regular, stable oxygen saturation, body temperature more stable, longer sleep time, more efficient use of calories, gain weight faster, better brain development, cry less, more successful feeding directly on the mother, extend the duration of breastfeeding.

Benefits of kangaroo care method on a mother like more confident in caring for premature babies and feel has an important role, the relationship between the mother and the baby latched onto better, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, reducing child neglect.

Meanwhile, the benefits of kangaroo care method on the father as the father was having a major role in caring for the baby and the relationship between the father and the baby latched onto better.

Premature babies are often born in the limited facility referred to a health facility complete with only a thick blanket wrapped. This situation can cause the temperature still remained below normal baby and the baby's condition worsened. Therefore, the public and medical personnel can use Kangaroo Care (PMK) to prevent mortality and a decrease in temperature in preterm infants who will be brought to the health facility. (risma)

One Handling Premature Babies Need to Know

Premature babies prone to decline under nomal temperature (less than 36.5 degrees Celsius). This drop in temperature can result in babies having shortness of breath, weak, pale, or blue from lack of oxygen. If not addressed immediately, this drop in temperature can lead to death.

One of the efforts that can be done by the community to prevent the drop in temperature of premature infants is wearing a cap and Kangaroo Care (PMK). Kangaroo care is a method of newborn care by embedding the baby in the mother's chest and the other family members (skin contact with the baby) so baby stays warm temperatures.

Equipment maintenance kaguru method used in clothing for the mother's mother is a cozy and warm at room temperature and Support binder (bonding / pads archery baby continues to be in a position to mother's chest). Support binders are clothes and fine fabrics kangaroo is about 1 meter long folded diagonally and made ​​a safety knot. While the equipment is used in infants cap, diaper, and socks.

The terms that were undertaken before the kangaroo care method is to wash hands properly. Position used in the PMK is the baby placed perpendicularly attached to the skin on the mother's chest between the breasts, and naked baby wearing only a diaper, hat and socks, mother and baby covered by a special cloth or clothes, skin adhesions should be as large -luasnya and attached directly without intermediaries. After the baby is well, kangaroo outfit tied to hold the baby. Furthermore, the mother can move as usual, carrying her baby in an upright position on the mother's chest (skin to skin contact) like a kangaroo.

Kangaroo care method provides benefits to infants, mothers, and fathers. Benefits of kangaroo care method in infants as a stable heart rate, breathing more regular, stable oxygen saturation, body temperature more stable, longer sleep time, more efficient use of calories, gain weight faster, better brain development, cry less, more successful feeding directly on the mother, extend the duration of breastfeeding.

Benefits of kangaroo care method on a mother like more confident in caring for premature babies and feel has an important role, the relationship between the mother and the baby latched onto better, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, reducing child neglect.

Meanwhile, the benefits of kangaroo care method on the father as the father was having a major role in caring for the baby and the relationship between the father and the baby latched onto better.

Premature babies are often born in the limited facility referred to a health facility complete with only a thick blanket wrapped. This situation can cause the temperature still remained below normal baby and the baby's condition worsened. Therefore, the public and medical personnel can use Kangaroo Care (PMK) to prevent mortality and a decrease in temperature in preterm infants who will be brought to the health facility. (risma)

Seven Benefits of Music Education

Today, more and more studies are revealing the benefits of music education for children. There are seven benefits that can be felt if the child follows the music education derived from various sources;

FIRST, early musical training helps develop brain areas associated with language and logic. From the results of the study clearly states that musical training develops the left part of the brain associated with language processes. One of the exercises you can try is to connect a popular song with new information. This makes the information can be embedded more strongly in the memory.

SECOND, there is a relationship between music and spatial intelligence, the ability to understand various things around accurately and to form mental images in the brain. With this intelligence, one can visualize a variety of things that should connect. This is an important ability to solve math problems or simply advanced to include a variety of goods to the limited cargo bag.

THIRD, art lessons give kids an idea in his mind about the various cultures and teaches them to empathize with people from that culture. It will develop a sense of empathy and solidarity, as opposed to the tendency to be greedy and selfish.

Fourth, children who learn music will learn to incorporate a variety of elements that small and make it as something beautiful. It will soak in the character and the way they work in other areas so that they will demand a certain quality to the work, not just glossed over.

FIFTH, the music playing, the error is an error. Tone that must have sounded discordant not harmonious. There can be no other choice but to practice and keep practicing to achieve perfection. It will form a character struggling to achieve good results.

SIXTH, the music when played together requires teamwork and discipline. A good orchestra music requires each player to work together in harmony, rather than self-assertive. This character is very good to be applied also in social life or organization in the future.

SEVENTH, to a certain degree, playing music became a means for self-expression. This helps a child to form a confidence and a desire to perform and show their identity without shame.

So, do not hesitate to learn music. (aca)

Types of Travel Destination

There are several types of tourist destinations, if we go on vacation, consider the kind that we traveled destination is reached.

Starting with pleasure (pleasure tourrisme) in the degree to eliminate the fatigue caused by everyday routine. This is similar to the recreational pleasure that aims to restore physical fitness and spiritual.

Cultural Tourism (culture tourism) is organized for the tourist to know the customs, history, culture, and religious events of a nation or tribe.

There are also adventure (adventure tourism) which was held outdoors for physical agility training and spiritual refreshing. Tourism is clearly at risk and in need of an experienced guide.

Sport tourism (sports tourism) that was held in order to exercise or perform a physical agility test. This tour can be done by following the sporting events at home and abroad.

For a student or a businessman can follow educational travel / business (study / bussiness tourism). This tour aims to conduct a feasibility study of an object or entity located in another region or country. After the trip, tour participants are usually required to make a written report on all matters discovered during the trip.

Tourism Convention (convention tourism) is intended for tourism in attending a seminar, conference or exhibition, that if there is free time can be filled with activities roads. This tour is suitable for students or businessmen.

Travel with the number of participants is limited and requires special skills. This tour is called the form of special interest tourism activities such as skydiving, hang gliding or rock climbing.

Cinetourism namely tourist trips with the purpose of places associated with the film, such as tourist slum in Mumbai or Hobbiton in New Zealand. The term was born in the UK and includes new in the travel world.

Choosing a Model of garden

House without a garden will feel dry. Petite as simple or whatever it is, the park can be presented in any type of dwelling.

There are several models of the park could be an option, among others;

Bali garden
Balinese culture into a lot of inspiration in the landscape. That's why when this becomes a trend Balinese garden. The character is very strong Balinese garden so not all the models can be aligned with this park. Balinese garden marker is on the use of Balinese gate, the statue of puppet characters, gazebo, and pond.

Mediterranean garden
The park is also can be presented for a minimalist home is a Mediterranean garden. Plants are generally filling the park, such as yucca, Nolina, and cycads. The main ornament of this park is the buffer pots, statues, garden lamps, coral, and fish ponds. Form of parks is relatively more symmetrical than the other park models.

European garden
This garden design is quite complex. Colorful flowers became one of the signs of the European model of the park. Also added ornaments that show strong detail and flavorful Europe. Compared to other parks, this model generally has a large enough size.

Japanese Garden
His trademark is the presence of plants and Japanese-style trinkets, such as bamboo, Koi fish pond, bonsai, and wind chimes. Park this model fit for minimalist home does not need a lot of ornaments.

Vertical Garden
This park model could also be an option if the home does not have enough land. Because the concept of standing, the wall can be an area of this park. Types of plants that can be used for vertical garden is quite limited. However, with the planned arrangements and slick, this park can invite truthful completely different atmosphere. If applied in apartment units, the atmosphere will feel cooler.

Dry garden
Dry garden is not much different from the other parks. So called because the plants that dominate this park model does not require a lot of water. Thus, the park is also not require much water. Dry garden be a fitting choice if at home there is no enough land. This park can be applied in the home.

Partying at the palace

While holding annoyance on 12 April 1891, the Governor General C Pijnacher Hordijk (1888-1891) wrote a letter to the Minister of the Department van Kolonien in the Netherlands. "If the existing Cipanas palace furnishings, along with my wife and especially our children, already this year, even in previous years utilizing Cipanas Palace to rest".

It was the second time Hordijk letters reveal how urgently immediately disbursed funds to purchase furniture furniture for 20,000 guilders for Cipanas Palace. Hordijk asserted, a big mistake to think that by filing it as if he was using state funds solely for the benefit of himself and his family fun.

Correspondence suspenseful portrait of the history of how it is Cipanas Palace since colonial times is intended for the benefit of any services. No exception palaces governorate or other presidency at the time, such as the Buitenzorg Palace in Bogor and the Weltevreden palace in Batavia.

Minister van Kolonien Department in the Netherlands want every cent of money spent to treat palaces were not even used for Prach praal aka boast en-magnificent and luxury of colonial officials. Therefore, to ensure the correct use of such palaces as well, since 1858 was appointed Intendant van het Huis de Gouveneur General, the governor-general's palace officials based in Buitenzorg Palace.

Reflection of that event, the question then, since when and whether legitimate state officials use Cipanas Palace and other palaces in Indonesia is not in relation to official?

President SBY ever use Cipanas Palace as a youngest child's wedding on 24 November 2011 As the Bogor Palace is used for wedding receptions eldest son on July 9, 2005.

Julian Pasha, Presidential Spokesman, once explained, the use of Cipanas Palace for activities that do not violate the rules. But to ponder-to borrow a phrase Onghokham- "they are not official, but a public servant and the country a republic, not a kingdom". That is, there must be a high awareness of separating between the private and the public.

Palace for asceticism

Not the first President to use outside palace official purposes. Earlier in 2002 President Megawati use Siring Palace in Bali for her husband's birthday celebration, Taufik Kiemas.

President Sukarno was the first ruler who uses palace outside the office. On July 7, 1953, Sukarno use Cipanas Palace to marry Hartini. But it is said that the Minister of Religion Saifuddin Zuhri witnessed in his autobiography Depart from boarding school as a very simple event.

On the other hand, President Soekarno also develop Cipanas Palace so that the increased role of mere herstellinggoord or resting to recuperate during colonial. Sukarno add a place to contemplate and the fulfillment of intellectual asceticism of a head of state. Sukarno is shown by constructing building in north Bentol hot springs in 1954 with the help of architect Silaban and Sudarsono.

Sukarno also make Cipanas Palace as an art gallery with a collection of about 300 paintings left there, so that can show a high artistic taste of a president.

President Suharto, also never used Cipanas Palace on July 6, 1980 for a birthday celebration in a simple 59.

In various cases, taking reference to the Majapahit concept that emphasizes what Clifford Geertz referred to as the state theater, the country has managed a magnificent show to watch people. The king's role as the main actor ....... (jjrizal)

Overcoming Drunk in Travel

Being in a vehicle for long hours is not only exhausting, but also can make motion sickness. This is often the case for some people.

This condition can be caused by many factors, such as winding and cobbled streets, stuffy inside the vehicle, or because the body does not fit.

Here is how to overcome them;

Before leaving, do not be an empty stomach, fill your stomach, do not eat fatty foods, high acid or too much snacking. Eat and drink in moderation. If you need to drink anti-nausea medications as prescribed.

Wear comfortable clothes and fit in your body. Do not wear clothes that are too tight because it will make the body does not move freely and creates a feeling of tightness and sultry.

Calm and relaxed while in a vehicle.

Look for sitting position that can make you comfortable. You better sit down in a chair facing forward and are in addition to the vehicle window.

Bring healthy and fresh foods such as fruits or perment sweet mint flavor. Avoid pungent odors that can cause nausea.

If you feel cold in the vehicle, wear warm clothes to cover the body. AC point away from your body.

Listen to your favorite music through a portable music player with volume being. It will make your body become relaxed.

If you can not resist the nausea and dizziness, you should immediately vomited. Usually after that, the body feels better. Then fill your stomach back with fresh snacks and a glass of water or tea. (ajg)

"Clearance" Clutch

One of the problems often faced by car drivers is the coupling clearances are too short. In fact, before the new car when first turned on all runs with Normal.

Generally, these problems stem from the clutch master who already wear. If you have this, replacement of hydraulic oil, with the hopes of this being a solution, a step that would only be futile because the wear on coupling master is usually coupled with the wear on the cylinder wall and the rubber seal.

To fix this, inevitably every car owner must replace the entire section of the component. If only replacing a few components, the problem will arise again in a relatively short time.

While doing the replacement, consider some other components such as hoses. If you've looked dry or cracked, replace immediately. Similarly, consider the cleanliness of the pipes to the hydraulic system can be free of sediment and debris.

The meantime, for the durability of the coupling, move the clutch when the rider attitude noteworthy. For example, when stepping on coupling pedal and move, do it gently, jerk hard on the coupling can damage or accelerate clutch wear.

Or, by way of avoiding puddles or mud so as not to interfere with the coupling system (Coupling cable).

Control Asthma Attacks Not Just look Medicines

People with asthma should not only rely on drugs. Avoiding the causes and regular exercise can reduce asthma attack.

Basically Asthma can not be cured, but it can be controlled. Because of this, more asthma management and prevention are nonmedical. The main one is to identify the cause of an asthma attack. There are several factors, such as cold weather, dust or eating seafood. So that people with asthma can prevent asthma attacks by avoiding the causative factor.

People with asthma should exercise. With exercise can reduce the frequency of attacks and relieve the symptoms of asthma. The recommended exercise is low-impact aerobics, such as gymnastics, swimming, or jogging. However, when shortness of breath, the patient should not force yourself to exercise.

Gymnastics can strengthen respiratory muscles, easing tightness when an asthma attack. Sports for people with asthma need to be restricted for 30-40 minutes, three times a week. This is to prevent asthma attacks caused by exercise too heavy activity (exercise induced asthma).

Controller medication must be consumed every day by people with persistent asthma (severe), while relapse or not. The reliever medication is only used when breathing and shortness of breath attack sounds. Drug controller to overcome airway inflammation, whereas its function loosening reliever medication airway narrowing.

Want to ride? Bring Down the garbage?

Mount Everest

Looking at the current condition of Mount Everest, the Government of Nepal made ​​a little annoyed. The surging interest in climbers to the summit of the world's highest production was directly proportional to the trash.

In order not to be a heap of waste, the Government of Nepal to design new regulations. Anyone who tries to climb climbers are required to bring down at least 8 pounds of garbage. The regulation went into effect in April.

Nepal government will crack down on climbers who do not comply with these regulations. However, no penalties or fines described to be imposed on violators.

Type of waste contained in the Mount Everest highly variable, ranging from plastics, oxygen cylinders, human waste, ropes, tents, glasses, cans of beer, junk helicopters, to climbers that died and the body does not decompose because of the extreme cold weather conditions.

See Sakura and Tulip Bloom

Natural traveled the main goal for many people refreshing. If you do nature tourism abroad, it is to be obtained is the view that is different from their own country.

In the early period, the right to enter in the spring from March to May, one of the natural attractions that can be done is to watch a variety of typical flowers such as sakura and tulip bloom.

Sakura

Seeing the beauty of sakura flower bloom when the target of many people. Japan became the main destination countries of foreign tourists to see this once a year opportunity. In Japan there is a tradition called hanami. Hanami is derived from the word hana wo miru which means seeing flowers or Ohanami. This is the Japanese tradition of enjoying the beauty of flowers, especially cherry. In addition, could be interpreted as a hanami picnic mat with roll-fed for a dinner party under the sakura tree.

One great place to watch sakura flowers are blooming is Mount Fuji. When spring comes, the beautiful sakura flower bloom in small promontory called Ubuyagasaki. This cape is located on the eastern shore of the lake that juts toward Mount Fuji. This point became famous to enjoy the site of Mount Fuji, sakura flower, and water clarity of Lake Kawaguchi.

Tulip

Not only in the Netherlands, tulips were blooming beautifully in Turkey. It turns out that tulips originated in Turkey. In the Turkish language, tulip called Lale. This flower is the pride of the Turkish nation. In the 16th century, Europeans such as the Dutch brought this interest to their country after having seen the beauty of this flower in the Ottoman Empire.

If the tulip season arrives, the gardens will be decorated with various kinds of tulips. In Istanbul, Emirgan Park is a great place to see the tulips in bloom. Emirgan extensive park reaches 470,000 square meters and is located in Sariyer area. Meanwhile, in Gaziantep, the visitors can enjoy the blossoming tulips at Botanic Garden.

Not only in the city parks in Turkey, tulips are also grew naturally beautiful on roadsides. With Bosphorus Cruise, for example while enjoying the beautiful scenery passing palaces and buildings with typical Ottoman architecture, forts, traditional wooden houses and modern villas, the presence of tulips can be seen through this journey. (ach)

Making the Appropriate Garage

Cars are not just for the ride and take you to places that you want to visit. The car also had to be treated and have a good place to save it.

As the car storage area, garage should have a design that is not only chic but are also able to avoid,, car from the heat, rain, dew, and safe from theft. Moisture can accelerate rust process which makes the age of the vehicle becomes shorter indirectly.

Decent size garage of course depends on the size of vehicle you have. For a small car, a large garage which takes about 2.4 x 4.8 meters. For a larger car garage must be made at least 3 x 5.5 meters with a height of at least 2.8 meters.

Garage ideally should also be treated like any other room. Garage design must also satisfy several elements such as the air vents, the selection of the floor, matching door models, as well as providing a means of storage of vehicle parts. It's good garage is also adjacent to the warehouse.

The barn can be used as storage media items related to cars such as spare tires, spare wheels, or even a steam pump engine. For liquid items such as oil spills are easily backup or car shampoo, you can make a hanging shelf to put it.

Garage floor that is used must also be considered, given the car has a heavy burden. What's more used oil spills, fumes and others will quickly littered the floor. Use car garage flooring materials that have small pores such as ceramic or granite so as not to absorb and easy to clean. Also use a textured floor to avoid floor surface is too slippery.

Get used also to not wash the car in the garage because the room will make your garage moist. Damp garage will make your car vulnerable to rust.

Basketball, Black Struggle

History of Sports

NBA All-Star highlights, held in New Orleans, USA, February 14 to 16 2014, full of excitement. Glitter party entertainment is at once reminded again, basketball bitter memories of segregation, namely discrimination on the basis of skin color.

Less than 10 years after basketball James Naismith discovered in 1891, it started playing the sport of black people, including women. Black basketball club is growing rapidly in the 1920s, but black players playing in the league should not be white. Finally, black players formed their own league.

The League players match live around blacks, the day can play four times. The team that debuted at that time was the Harlem Globetrotters, the New York Renaissance, and Philadelphia tribunes.

Entering the 1930s, segregation is so strong. The black players rejected by hotels and restaurants. In the tour, they were forced to sleep on the bus and a potluck meal. In fact, the distance between where the game can be hundreds of kilometers.

point changes

Change occurs when World War II broke out. Club basketball athletes because of lack of white players drafted into the army. This is a golden opportunity for black players.

Chicago Studebakers is the first basketball club which eliminates segregation due reinforced black and white players. Chicago Studebakers step was followed by other clubs so it's pretty much black players playing in the white club.

After the National Basketball League and the Basketball Association of America joined together to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949, the NBA opened the door wide open for black players.

Harold Hunter was the first black player signed to play in the NBA for the New York Knicks in 1950.

Since then, black players started to become a football star. But, still override the discriminatory treatment of black players, such as discrimination and attitudes of supporters.

Bill Russell (80), Boston Celtics legend, is the player who most loudly protesting the discriminatory treatment. Russell, 11 time NBA champion and five-time NBA best player was, until now actively voicing equality.

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, a legendary LA Lakers player, said, he began to play basketball in the 1960's when black people still treated differently.

"At that time black people angry at the situation, but do not know what to do. Bill Russell taught me to control the anger and channel it intelligently without violence," said Kareem Abdul-Jabbar when attending the event giving grace to Bill Russell in New Orleans.

Currently, discrimination against blacks, especially in basketball, only a memory. Many NBA stars with fame and fortune are exorbitant black players. Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant, LeBron James, and the others are a few examples.

Basketball became an example, sport is a world without borders; state boundaries, political ideology, race, or beliefs. (Vishnu ad)

Not Stuffy Bedrooms order

Do you ever feel stuffy bedroom? This is usually caused by narrow space and too much stuff. To overcome this, here are some things you can do in order to look more spacious bedrooms.

The first thing to do is to sort objects that are less important. One of the things that makes visible small bedroom is the room filled with a lot of furniture and other accessories.

The habit of piling up the goods to make the bedroom look stuffy. Do not leave small objects lying in the room. Seek has a special place some sort of shelving for storing objects, such as glasses, jewelry, and books.

The next thing is to set the lighting color of the room through the right wall. For example, pale colors can make a room look brighter rooms and relieved. Pale colors are reflecting light around the room making the room look bright.

Several colors to choose from are white, beige, white or ivory. If you like bright colors, multiple options that can be used is the sky blue, pink, purple, and yellow butter. The colors are still pretty good in the reflected light.

Another thing you can do is take advantage of vertical space in the room. One of the obstacles have a narrow room will be filled when the bed is huge. These beds will spend a large enough. This also makes it difficult to place other furniture, such as desks or cabinets.

As one solution, you can use a bed that has a built-in shelf at the top of the head. This shelf can serve as a place to put decorative lamps, alarm clocks, and other objects. For storing clothes, you can choose the one slim cupboard doors that do not spend too much place.

In addition, you should avoid putting on the bedside table. As this will make the room look more narrow stuffy. Therefore, if possible, you should provide an empty cavity in the side of the bed.

Food Allergies Can Be Controlled

Children with parents who suffer from allergies, a very high risk of allergy. However, primarily associated with food allergies can be controlled as strengthening the immune system of the patient.

About 80 percent of the total cases of allergies due to genetic factors and 20 percent due to immune-related environment around. The possibility of allergies in children are increasing when parents suffer from allergies. However, this type of allergy pathway parents do not necessarily decreased in children. For example, mother allergic to dust, children can be allergic food or medicine.

There may be an allergy because the immune smaller than if there are hereditary factors. Unhealthy environment and occur continuously can trigger allergies, especially when the immune system is weak.

Allergies can change form, for example as a child, someone with a food allergy symptoms of eczema. As a teenager, could turn into a cold allergy. As adults, allergies turn into asthma. "It means a strong allergy".

So far there are a variety of allergic reactions are inhaled, ingested allergies, allergy injections, and skin contact allergies. As for the food allergy occurs because there are antibodies in the body's reaction to the protein content in food. Usually the reaction include itching or rash on the skin and sometimes shortness of breath.

However, food allergies can be controlled over the immune strengthening. One form of food allergy is an allergic gluten, a protein present in wheat flour, which affect the behavior of children with autism. "Allergy gluten many children experienced. Unable to be removed, but can be arranged. Wheat flour can be substituted rice flour.

A case in point, a mother of a child with autism, while their children eat foods containing gluten, hyperactive behavior. Because of this, he changed his diet so gluten-free. (a12)

Local genius of marginalized

philosophy

Indonesia is a country with a very diverse traditional societies. The values ​​of the negative impact of globalization fosters social disruption, including a threat to pluralism or a plurality.

This can be overcome by holding fast to traditional values ​​that contain a local genius, but rather local genius is now marginalized.

To overcome the negative impacts of globalization it by restoring traditional cultural capabilities, such as returning to live with a sense of art and sense of beauty. Through traditional experiences in local genius born togetherness that gives knowledge of good and bad about living in the now marginalized and have to dug back.

The survival of cultured with various traditional arts have support pluralism revive respect for otherness. However, traditional cultural ability to accept each other in the difference now is not reliable.

Foreign cultural values​​, are not fully compatible with the traditional values ​​that compound. Good and bad in the traditional society really grown based on real life experiences and grow in togetherness.

Good value as produced in the culture of Java, namely mutual assistance with the philosophy of life rame ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih (diligently worked selflessly). The spirit and the goodness of traditional values ​​this time dug and disclosed to face the negative impact of globalization. (naw)

Causes Students "Slow" and "Weak"

Educational Psychology


Many parents wish to have children are smart and clever. Teachers want their students to succeed in learning. All of this can be seen from the record of academic achievement. However, not all children can excel academically.

They were left behind in academics, not infrequently seen as a child who "slow" and "weak". Slow because it can not follow the pace of learning like other children. Weak because it does not have the confidence and good academic grades.

Does this mean a student can not achieve good academic value and can not be successful in the future ?.
It is less precise. Basically, all children can develop well and optimize the pattern of thought in the study. The key is simple, that is encouraging children to learn according to their individual learning styles.

Factors and learning styles is quite a lot.

First, the right brain dominant students more than the left brain. This makes students think analytically difficult.

Secondly, kinesthetic preferences and emotional factors play a strong role in learning.

Third, students have the desire mobility is high enough so difficult to sit quietly.

Fourth, students usually do not get excited in the morning. However, during the day and evening, students are more eager to learn.

Fifth, students prefer to learn in a desolate condition, for example, to the accompaniment of music.

Sixth, students learn more easily agitated if poor indoor lighting or dim.

Seventh, students are not comfortable with the learning environment that are considered inconvenient.

Eighth, students who can not find friends in whom to study or work well together.

Ninth, students experience anxiety when confronted with a teacher or a parent that is less interest in learning.

Tenth, students feel it difficult to learn, passive, depressed ever since failed, and reluctant to interact with friends or teachers.

Eleventh, students give up and do not have the confidence or pessimistic.

Twelfth, the students can not work alone and need a lot of guidance from parents or of teachers in the study.

Thirteenth, the students do not feel comfortable if too many changes, but rather require routine.


These aspects that need to be understood by parents and teachers.



(Success is achievement, the completion of the goals that may be in case of failure. Paul Messier)

Breeding Trials Tarsius

Protected wildlife


The last three years, the Center for Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, endemic wildlife breeding test Tarsius. The result, Tarsius population increased significantly. The animals included in the priority order is not extinct by way of captivity.

"From the indicators of child Tarsius encounter around their habitat, breeding trials to significantly increase the population. Previously, officers in the field very rarely find holding Tarsius holding a baby," said Head of the Center for Conservation Technical Lore Lindu National Park Ahmad Yani, (18/02 / 2014) in Palu.

Tarsius is a primate that is often called the world's smallest monkey. 10-15 inches in length with an average weight of 80 grams. Food Tarsius various kinds of insects, especially grasshoppers. This tiny animals living in the banyan tree and bamboo groves.

There are nine types of Tarsius in the world, two of them were in the Philippines, Indonesia and the rest live in the forest habitat on the island of Sulawesi. In Lore Lindu National Park, there are two types of the most famous Tarsius, namely, Kera ghost (Tarsius tarsier) and pygmy Tarsius (Tarsius pumilus).
Location breeding trials (coaching habitat) in the village of Kamarora, District Nokilalaki, Sigi. Habitat coaching since 2005 and intensified since 2010, involving officials from local residents.

Ahmad Yani convey, in coaching habitat, the officers observed the mating cycle and behavioral patterns Tarsius. It is expected to add about Tarsius reference to facilitate permanent captivity. The animals included in the priority to be maintained so as not to become extinct.

Raimon, a field officer Lore Lindu National Park, declared, made Tarsius habitat coaching become so benign to interact with visitors, including for research.

Awareness of the existence of a Tarsius species endemic has increased. When they find Tarsius outside the National Park, they return it to the clerk.

In Lore Lindu National Park, endangered species that have been included in captivity is maleo (Macrocephalon maleo).

Four French Youth Exploring the World

Inter-faith dialogue


For some people, four French youth, Samuel Grzybowski, Ismael Medjdoub, Josselin Rieth, and Victor Grezes, is doing something dreams: traveling around the world. However, there is an additional way that makes young people aged 19-21 years is more exciting than just traveling the world. It is inter-faith trip or interfaith tour, a journey with meaning.

Departure from Paris eight months ago, they (a Muslim, a Catholic, an atheist, and an agnostic) visited Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Asia prior to Australia, America lived week to a month in a country, meet, talk, and interviewing people involved in inter-faith effort. Every Wednesday, they reported a summary of the weekend trip in the article and the video lasted about three minutes are posted on the trip page, www.interfaithtour.com

There are three objectives of this project, which is to increase awareness of the inter-faith initiative, linking the perpetrators of that effort, and research. The first two objectives can be done when they travel around the world, while the third objective will be pursued on his return them to bring so many raw materials.

"While in Nairobi, we find the perpetrators of inter-faith effort was not know each other, but where they are close together. We strive to connect with each other principals. Said they".

The existence of an atheist and an agnostic in their team, described by Grezes and Rieth, who said that the French population is divided into three nearly equal, the religious people, people who Agnostic, Atheist, and people. So it is important for us to be involved in this project. Inter-faith initiative is a tool to build social cohesion in France and third groups should be included. "This project is very secular. Idea is how to retain their identity and the identity of others fully respect", they said.

In a conversation about their travel experiences at the Institute Francais Indonesia in Jakarta, Tuesday morning (25/02/2014), young children have a week in Jakarta was asked where inter-faith relations are very harmonious. Grzybowski mentioned three places, including Burkina Faso, Central African country surrounded by countries in conflict. Countries with more than 60 different sociocultural groups that live together in peace, among others, the habit of "kin kidding" (Parente a plaisanterie) them. Through the joking relationship, conflict is mitigated, the excitement increased, and perceived social cohesion. (diah)

Digestive health is important

Most of the antibodies are located along the small intestine and colon. Therefore, gastrointestinal health need to be maintained for the sake of optimal child development.

Gastrointestinal health and immune system can be maintained by the balance of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. The body should have a lot more good than microbes harmful microbes. This statement Saptawati Bardosono, nutritionist doctor from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (Faculty of medicine), Jakarta (25/2/2014).

If in the digestive tract microbes more harm than beneficial microbes, then the child will easily fall ill. And when a child is sick, antibiotics are given, then the good microbes increasingly depleted.

Along the intestinal immune system is supported microbial probiotic supplements. Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when consumed in sufficient quantities will have a positive impact on health.

Probiotics can survive and thrive if it gets prebiotic intake, ie substances in food that can not be digested, but increase the growth of good bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Source of probiotics, such as dairy products, cheese, and yugurt. The prebiotic substances can be obtained from banana, garlic, and honey.

In the womb, the child must receive proper nutrition. It takes awareness of parents to read food product labels carefully before buying. Do not forget to look for foods containing probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus paracasei or Bifidobacterium longum. Conversely, foods containing salt, sugar, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol should be limited. Sugar produced many calories cause obesity. (Ao4)

Chicken Claw Natural Preservatives

The use of non-food preservatives, such as formaldehyde and borax, are still often found in food, especially meat, fish, and processed products, such as meatballs. Substances that are harmful to human health. Actually many alternative preservatives are safe for humans.

Three students of Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Solo, researching Chicken Claw linked gelatin from its ability to preserve food.

The third student, Ganjar Fadillah, Rahmat Hidayat, and Pramudita Putri, chose Chicken Claw as a source of cheap and gelatin because it is considered kosher. Chicken claws are abundant because there are millions of chickens are cut every day. In addition, many have not crabbed utilized for high-value products.

The results of the study E Purnomo (1992) mentions, chicken claws contain more than 80 percent protein. In the skin of chicken feet contained 22.98 percent protein. This protein contains collagen that can be processed gelatin. During this time, the gelatin used, among other things, as an ingredient in cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, food ingredients, such as ice cream and chewing gum, and medical material.

The students were extracting gelatin from collagen by acid and base hydrolysis method. Alkaline hydrolysis with whiting making chicken scratch rot. Better results obtained from acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid (HCL).

The process produces gelatin through four stages, namely, cleaning paws of the grease and dirt (degreasing) through leaching. Then, claws soaked with HCL 3-5 percent during 2x24 hours to soften. The results are filtered to obtain soft gelatin which is then neutralized with water to achieve a pH of 7.

Furthermore, gelatin plus water and heated up to seven hours in order to obtain a more viscous texture. If you want to change into the form of a powder to be more durable, thick gelatin oven at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius for 24 hours.

They chose a simple technology that can be utilized by small and medium enterprises as well as applied in traditional markets.

so Preservatives

If you want to use, gelatin powder mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 1 in order to gel. The gel is used to wrap meat. The students were applying to beef that has a higher fat content than chicken and fish.

There are two treatments in the study. First, gelatin encased meat stored at room temperature. And the other, wrapped beef gels stored in ice temperature (4 degrees Celsius).

After seven days, beef gelatin gel wrapped and stored at a temperature of ice almost no change, good color, smell, and texture. As for the meat stored at room temperature, the gelatin melts so it is not able to protect. Conditions meat started smelling, watery, and colored black. Conditions which are not encased meat gelatin and left in the open air is more severe, black looks, smells, and began to hollow.

Gelatin wrapping can reduce bacterial contamination and exposure to ultraviolet rays that can cause the meat changes color. Gelatin can also withstand oxidation of fat that are not easily smell.

Applications in traditional markets that do not have a refrigerator, can utilize frozen gel ice to maintain the temperature of the meat wrapped gelatin. Ice gel can be used over and over again so it is more efficient than using ice cubes. Gelatin wrapping can be processed as food if desired.

From the results of microbiological tests on the meat in the open air was found eight colonies of bacteria per unit, while the meat is wrapped gelatin in ice temperature only found two colonies of bacteria per unit.

No data bekteri colonies on gelatin wrapped meat at room temperature, because the students want to use ice box or ice gel. However, they do test the inhibition of bacteria. Fresh meat wrapped in gelatin exposed to Staphylococcus sp. As a result, the bacteria do not grow in the area that is gelatin.

Power oxidation of fat in meat that is not given gelatin 0.6 percent, while the meat is coated with gelatin at room temperature is 0.41 percent. While the meat is wrapped gelatin in ice temperature is only 0.4 percent. Oxidation determines how quickly the meat will smell rancid.

Gelatin is able to suppress the bacteria, but can not inhibit the bacteria. The students, still want to enhance their research, so that gelatin could inhibit bacterial growth, possibly by providing a particular compound. (sri)

When to Drink Fluids Isotonic

Isotonic drinks should only be taken after exercising for 60 minutes or more. Excessive drinking isotonic fluids causes additional unnecessary calories to the body and aggravate the kidneys.

Isotonic drinks are called sports drinks, meaning drinks is not advisable to drink outside sports activities. Drinks containing sugar and salt with the same osmotic pressure of blood in the body fluids serves as an energy enhancer and replacement fluids and electrolytes lost through exercise.

Many people consume Isotonic drinks are not after exercise, but they consume at any time, when they want it. It is one thing wrong and harmful to the body. Consuming isotonic drink which is not appropriate simply to add calories from carbohydrate results in weight gain. For those who are on a diet does not have to worry consume isotonic drinks from exercising more than 60 minutes and measure the offset with the intake of calories from the daily diet.

However, if you consume isotonic drinks with excessive it will aggravate the kidneys. Isotonic drinks are usually added flavorings or coloring substances that affect health. These substances are excreted through the kidneys thus aggravate the kidneys. If you exercise less than 60 minutes, you better drink water only.

In contrast with isotonic drinks, energy drinks proved to be harmful and aggravate the kidneys so that under no obligation. During this community considers energy drinks can increase energy while working, but this drink actually be toxic in the body.

Energy drinks contain caffeine which is quite high and the impact increases blood pressure and makes the heart beat faster. These drinks also contain taurine which is not easily removed from the body by the kidneys. (Ao4)

Finding Complex Railway Station in Indonesia

Traces track Milestones
Railway fringe

City of Semarang, Central Java, as a starting point railroad passengers and goods in Indonesia undeniable. However, finding the exact position of the first railway station complex in Indonesia, it makes a lot of disagreement.

Version where the first station is different. Some of the books published in Indonesia mentioned three names. However, only one is supposed to be true.

"It was very important for the history of the railways," said Tjahjono Rahardjo of Indonesian Railway Preservation Society (IRPS) Regional Coordinator (Regional Coordinator) Semarang, (02/20/2014) in Semarang. He is professor of Environmental and Urban Master Program at the Catholic University (Unika) Soegijapranata, Semarang.

In 2009, he traced the crowded areas in Gang Spoorland, Ronggowarsito Road, Village Kemijen, East Semarang, along with two co-IRPS is Deddy Herlambang and Karyadi Baskoro. Assisted by local residents, Ramelan, they found traces of Semarang station is almost gone and neglected as a first railway station.

Before the search, Karyadi Baskoro who find the coordinates of the location of the Station in Semarang. Then, the exact location can be traced.

Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen and photographs Koninklijk Instituut voor collection Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV), then the combined maps from satellite imagery via Google Earth program.

Referrals are taken from the book manuscript many op Java Spoorwegstations posts Ballegoijen Michiel van de Jong (Amsterdam, 1993). Dated August 10, 1867, for the first time officially operated passenger trains from the station towards Tangoeng Semarang (Tanggung) stops along the 25 kilometer cross-Toewa Allas (Alas Tua) and Broemboeng (Brumbabung).

Construction of the station and the tracks lasted three years. The ground breaking on June 17, 1864 by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies LAJW Baron Sloet va Beele.

Nederlandsch-Indische Maatschappij Spoorweg, abbreviated as NIS, referred to as a Dutch private company that owns and operates the rail transport of passengers and goods for the Semarang-Tangoeng path.

uncover

Before tracing the footsteps of the Station in Semarang in 2009, information is the first station in Indonesia Semarang Station Warehouse in Tambaksari, Kemijen. Also called Kemijen Station in Kemijen, Semarang. Both are adjacent.

Semarang Station Warehouse, Station Kemijen, and Semarang station was located in a region in Sub Kemijen now. But years of existence and different functions.

Historic railway complex that now many missing tracks. Decrease in surface soil makes the area inundated by overflow Kemijen complex tides (rob) and turned into a swamp.

According to residents of Depo Indah Boarding in the railway complex, inaugurated in 1985 Tanjung Emas, location of 2-3 kilometers from the railway station complex Semarang. "Since it is often flooded. Surface is ground down so it must be added every year". Rapid soil degradation makes sense. New port filled with large corporations who suck the soil.

Five important buildings

Semarang Station complex originally had five important buildings, including personenstation (passenger station), goederenstation (freight station), vaart van het station (station channel), Werkplaatsen (workshop or Workshop), and the station chef (the official residence of the head of the station).

The fifth building was now difficult to trace their original form. In addition to building construction and a lot of lost ground subsidence, inundation tidal marshes make. Ground subsidence estimated 3 meters. Through the excavation, the original building is still likely to be found. At least the foundations of the original building.

Important advance in the building before the Station in Semarang passenger station U-shaped form of the building there is a junction railway station to the north towards the canal. There, distribute trains to ship goods. Important ingredient when it exports include teak, sugar, coffee, and crops.

Station located at the intersection of goods other than the canal path to the station. Items that have not been accommodated in the station ready to ship the goods. Then, at the next station there is a passenger depot / workshop trains.

Now, the workshop called Workshop. Building Workshop greatest and shaped letter E. The trail now goes down the ground and covered swamp.

Analysis of ancient map

Ancient maps of the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Troprn (KIT / Royal Tropical Institute). Amsterdam, the Netherlands, tells a lot about the development of the station complex on the edge of Semarang Tanjung Emas now. Map in 1867, when the station was inaugurated Semarang, shows a simple rail line that connects the passenger station, canal station, freight station, and Workshop. The rail line connecting the station to the east of Semarang to Responsibility.

1898 map shows, the development of a rail line from the station until the end of the canal followed the main channel ports. This is due to the connecting channel no longer exists so the rail line continued until the main port.

The west wing of the building before the NIS office. The office then moved to Lawang Sewu building.

Based on the map in 1917, the major railroads NIS no longer stops at the Station in Semarang, but continues to Tawang Station. At KIT ancient map after 1925, there is a picture removed Semarang station and there were raised again.

That's what led to the first station information in Indonesia will disappear. However, traces of Semarang station building still exists.

During the Japanese occupation of 1942-1945, a difference abolished rail line. Most of the rail line width of 1,435 millimeters 1,067 millimeters shortlisted so. It includes the main rail line connecting the first time Semarang-Surabaya-Yogyakarta NIS.

Semarang station is a piece of the story of the long history of railways in Indonesia. Position as the first railway station no less important to the dynamics of change. That's all history traces extremely valuable, which is still neglected! (nawa)

Yogyakarta Search Documents in Foreign Countries

Provincial Government of Yogyakarta (DIY provincial) plans to explore the old archives belonging to the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, which is now in the UK and the Netherlands. DIY provincial government plans to browse the archives simultaneously duplicated hundreds of years old. The search will begin in June 2014, if this year has not been completed, the search will be continued next year.

Many manuscripts and documents belonging to the Sultanate of Yogyakarta which is in the British Library and a museum in the UK, as well as in a number of university libraries in the Netherlands.

In the reign of Hamengkubuwono II (1792-1828), various heritage looting and documents belonging to the Sultanate of Yogyakarta by British soldiers led by the Governor-General Thomas Stamford Raffles. Raffles is brought in the form of documents belonging to the palace, old manuscripts, and relics belonging to the palace. Most of the collection is then stored in the British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom.

DIY provincial government has been communicating with the manager of the British Library about the existence of these texts. Based on the communication contained information about the presence of 240 boxes of documents belonging to the Sultanate of Yogyakarta in the British Library and 75 boxes can be identified.

DIY provincial government has received permission from the British Library to examine and duplicate documents. Duplication is done due to repatriate back the old archives it is very difficult to do, because it is constrained to licensing issues in the UK and the Netherlands. If you want to buy back the document takes a very large fund, for it at least be able to get a copy DIY Provincial Government.

DIY provincial government will choose the documents that are considered important to be duplicated. "Only that have important meanings that will be meticulous," said Yogyakarta Governor Sultan Hamengkubuwono X. (hrs)

Building a "Green House", There's Condition

With warm tropical climate and a plateau which presents a relatively cool temperature, Indonesia does not so require greenhouse. However, there are other types of plants that require special care such as orchids month. In addition, the greenhouse can be used for the process of breeding plants for maximum results.

Design and availability of building materials is not something major. To build a greenhouse, there are several things to note.

First, the temperature of the air around the greenhouse. Make sure that the temperature of the air support for the growth of plants. You need to take into account the magnitude of the temperature in the greenhouse and compared with the temperature outside the greenhouse. In addition, you also need to know how to get around when the temperature in the greenhouse is too hot to provide ventilation which can open the lid.

Secondly, the intensity of sunlight. Site conditions greenhouse surrounded high trees can block the sun exposure to the greenhouse. Therefore, you need to make sure that the location of the greenhouse is not obstructed by trees.

Third, the location for the construction of a ground glass should be flat and without a certain slope. Soil structure should be strong (not ground moves). Location greenhouse should also be easily accessible from the main road and adjacent to buildings like laboratories.

Fourth, the location of the greenhouse should also be near water sources or have a good irrigation system. The irrigation system is needed to provide for the supply of water to the plants.

Fifth, in terms of the structure of the building, the building needs to be sturdy greenhouse. It became one of the main considerations because Indonesia is a country whose territory the majority are on track earthquakes. Materials majority greenhouse made ​​of glass becomes prone to rupture when exposed to vibration, if you do not choose the type of glass that is good quality. So, in addition to the structure and design of the building, greenhouse materials need to be considered.

In addition to Glass

Alternative materials besides greenhouse of glass, namely plastic. Type of plastic for the greenhouse is divided into several types. Among these are acrylic, polycarbonate, and fiberglass (fiberglass reinforced polyester).

Acrylic type of materials classified as resilient. This species is resistant to weather changes and strong so not easily broken. Absorption of sunlight is quite good and can deliver more than 80 percent of light. But this material is relatively expensive, easily scratched, and flammable.


Polycarbonate is thinner and economical. The surplus, this material is more flexible when applied. The drawback, polycarbonate is relatively easy to change color, easy to expand, and easily scratched.

Meanwhile, fiberglass has the advantage of an attractive appearance and reasonable price. This material is also flexible enough to be easily applied. But fiberglass is easy to expand when exposed to heat constantly.

You can choose the type of material as needed. If not comfortable using glass, you can use a plastic material that is also clear. But consider also in treatment.

Art for Therapy

Hear the word therapy, may be the mind will immediately associate it with the healing process. No one did, but in fact not only the therapeutic use of medical measures, but also utilizes the realm of art.

Many people do not realize the magnitude of the role of art in life. Although often underestimated and not considered valuable, various studies in psychology in the 20th century proved that art can be one of the media appropriate therapy for post-traumatic healing. Art therapy is considered able to provide psychological services for those experiencing problems and pressures of life.

Art Therapy is applied to victims of the tsunami in Aceh and the eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta, especially for children with screenings around from village to village, as well as through painting and drawing. Why is this so?

American Art Therapy Association describes art therapy as a form of healing that uses the creative process of art to enhance the physical, mental, and emotional one of all ages.

Trustworthy, creative process that expresses the soul expressions help one in dealing with life issues, upgrading the skills themselves, to control themselves, reduce stress, increase self-confidence, and gain enlightenment.

For example, through pictures, emotions or feelings can be expressed deepest someone who is too painful if expressed in words. Various recent studies also said that art therapy can be an appropriate form of therapy for people with chronic illness, such as cancer. Music therapy, dance therapy, art therapy and other help cancer patients cope with anxiety, depression, and improve their overall quality of life.

Art therapy is also considered to be effective to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's memory degradation, people who experience cognitive decline, stroke, post-traumatic, stress disorder, and aging.

Using Art Therapy, can be a form of how to create good conditions in various situations of life, trust me.

Hood lights to Prevent Light Pollution

Bosscha Observatory in Lembang, Bandung, West Java, will split the 1000-2000 hood lights to the residents who live around Bosscha. The goal is to prevent malicious light pollution which complicates observations of celestial objects in the observatory.

Hood lights were distributed to residents in a radius of 200-300 meters from Bosscha. The cone-shaped hood lights are made of aluminum. By using the hood, light bulbs will not be scattered toward the sky so that it can prevent light pollution.

The effort is expected to encourage other people who do not accept the hood, to make their own light hood. Lampshade in homes around Bosscha alone is not enough to make observations in Bosscha avoid light pollution. Ideally all the lights in London wearing a hood. Thus, the observation is not obstructed light pollution.

As a result of light pollution around Bosscha, many of which can be observed 10-20 years ago, now can not be observed anymore, especially the star whose light dimmed.

Since built in 1923, became a central Bosscha astronomical research in Indonesia. The observatory also became the first modern observatory in Indonesia.

Another alternative that can still observe celestial bodies is to build a new observatory. Suitable location for it, located near Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. At that location, the number of nights that can be used for observations of celestial bodies over 200 nights. Moreover, in these locations there is no air turbulence so as to facilitate observation.

However, to realize the funds to hit, because it takes a very large fund to build the observatory Modern.

Learning through the observatory proved important in the history of civilization. Thanks knowledgeable developed nation always has a high knowledge Observatory Modern and functioning properly.

Generation Drop Bear Threatened

Honey Bear (Helarctos malayanus) increasingly threatened. Increased confiscated sun bears are entrusted to rehab and wildlife protection agencies have not answered the problem. Confiscation of animals that continued, maintenance costs increase, but not all can be reintroduced.

Honey Bear is the smallest of the eight bear species in the world. Honey Bear is an animal that is calm, not loud. Habitat in the forests of Southeast Asia, including the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. But its existence is threatened due to continued forest encroached upon and destroyed, in addition to the threat of poaching and forest fires.

Species endemic to Southeast Asia in the category status of endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The number of animals in the world are now less than 25,000 head and continued to shrink in the last 30 years. (pre)

Extend Wood Furniture

In addition to giving a natural accent to the interior layout of residential, wood furniture is known to have strong durability. No wonder if many people liked it. Especially when coupled motif carvings. Wood furniture you are able to captivate guests by presenting the impression of antique and ethnic.

To care for wooden furniture is actually not difficult, as long as you are diligent care. Here are some simple tricks to be applied.

* Position determines the durability

To put wood furniture, you should avoid the room or place with excessive moisture. However, it does not mean put in place which directly exposed to the scorching sun or extreme cold temperatures.

Put this type of furniture in the location of normal temperature or the average, the lighting gets good enough from the sun or lighting in the home, as well as having air circulation smoothly. The goal, to prevent mold, termites, and the paint is dull quickly.

* Immediately handle if already exposed to the fungus

Prior to condition the wood quickly became a nest fungi, immediately clean. Just use a damp cloth and a little washing liquid hand soap. Then, drying furniture in direct sunlight until the wood is completely dry.

However, when the fungus stubborn, you can clean up to wear anti-fungal liquid to wipe directly. Then, apply a special liquid that antilapuk not easily porous wood.

After that, move the position of the floor space that is too moist and less exposure to the site by category which has been conveyed in the beginning. Voila, your wood furniture is free from the threat of fungus.

* Routine maintenance and simple

Rutinlah clean the dirt and dust off the surface of your furniture, at least once a week.
While cleaning the room, usually you will clean the furniture. It should be noted, to "eradicate" dust the furniture should be done early in the new room.

The most effective and fast way to use a vacuum cleaner (a vacuum cleaner). However, when the device does not exist, you can use a soft cloth. In addition to not scratch the surface of the furniture, you can clean the difficult to reach. Special furniture carving, use a small brush or an old toothbrush to clean.

When exposed to spill syrup, beverages, or food stains immediately wipe with a cloth slightly with water, rub, and wipe again put on a clean cloth to dry.

If you want to look more radiant, then applied a liquid spray or nurse furniture to furniture that has been cleaned. Then averaged to every corner of your furniture with a cloth.

So hunters Rescue

Starting from turtle egg hunters, a number of fishermen in the district of Banyuwangi, East Java, has now become the savior of turtles. They work together to help rescue the endangered animals that lay eggs that remain in the Bali Strait.

Armed with a pack of cigarettes, Ardis (27) waiting on the beach since at 20.00 pm. Strong sea wind does not fade spirit. His eyes look out on the shoreline looking for turtle figure that may come to spawn.

Not long, olive ridley turtles emerge from the shoreline. Walking slowly, the animals chose laying around five meters from the shoreline.

Turtle eggs when the summer monsoon is found in the Bali Strait coastline. During that time, the search of turtle eggs arrive. They lurk on the beach since the afternoon, and when there are turtles that lay eggs, the eggs immediately dig and take.

Like that day, Ardis found some people prepared to take turtle eggs. However, he could save some of them. He together with activists from the Sea Turtle Foundation Foundation Banyuwangi (BSTF) move turtle eggs to a safer shore side of the theft. The hope when the turtle eggs to hatch and return to the sea.

In Banyuwangi, hunters and rescuers romp to get the first turtle eggs. The number of hunters more. Of 90 kilometers (km) coastline in Banyuwangi, only 19 miles rescuers who regularly visited the turtle.

Ardis while still a hunter, can get hundreds of turtle eggs, "when the breeding season comes, the number of turtles landed in the tens of tail in one season. Turtle that can produce 200-an egg, but sometimes also just 40 points. Hunters who target more eggs ".

Turtle egg hunters are average everyday fishermen who live on the coast. Eggs were obtained sold to traders in the market. From there the turtle eggs in the market Banyuwangi. The price reached Rp.2.000 per item. The clientele is a herbalist. Turtle eggs believed to be an addition to human power.

Not easily turtle egg hunters invited to join the savior of turtles, turtle eggs from dozens of hunters there are only a few people who want to join the turtle rescuers, including Ardis.

About 20 years ago, it is easy to see turtles laying eggs on the beach. But this time the turtle comes to shore to spawn very little, because regeneration is almost cut off by the poaching of turtle eggs.

There are also people who care about the preservation of sea turtles, they voluntarily make a perimeter fence, to protect turtle eggs from predators including thieves. The egg shelter measuring 4 meters x 5 meters, with a one meter high bamboo fence. There are no locks or security, but this time the nest was safe, because people understand that hatched turtle eggs in the nest for a rescue mission. (siwi)

Species-Endangered Fauna in the Forest of Hope

Hundreds of rare and endemic species of fauna found in Sumatra still freshwater Hope Forest Jambi South Sumatra. The urgent protection of species habitat exploitation and extinction threat.

Researchers from Jambi University, Tedjo Sukmono, in his doctoral research program to identify, in total there are 123 species of fish in the 8 point spread rivers, lakes, and swamps in the Forest of Hope. Of that total, 121 of which are endemic species, which shows the authenticity of the habitat is protected in forest restoration.

"Only two species of fish introductions are also commonly found in freshwater Indonesia," said Tedjo, Saturday (02/15/2014). In addition to the 10 species of fish expressed as the rarest in Jambi and allegedly just left in the Forest of Hope, among others carp Brown, Sebarau, Kepras, and Ridiangus, which refers to the endemic, endangered populations and habitat conditions.

Expectations of 100,000 hectares of forest on the border of Jambi and South Sumatra forest restoration is the first in Indonesia. Even so, a powerful illegal logging was hampering efforts. The area of ​​20,000 hectares of illegal encroachment. The perpetrators come from a number of areas, such as Kerinci, Lampung and North Sumatra.

In his research, Tedjo find the precarious status of the species / endangered, namely Ridiangus (Balantiocheilos melanopterus). Meanwhile, three other species near threatened status, the Parang-parang Crooked (Macrochirichtys macrocirus), Snakeskin Pearl (Trichopodus leeri), and Lais Glass (Kryptoperus monir).

"The types of endangered species can be found in a number of river communities," said Tedjo.

The findings were the result of freshwater wildlife research for a doctoral degree at the University. The study took place last year in the lowland forests of Sumatra waters remaining.

In 2004, researchers from the Swiss fish, Maurice Kottelat, publish Paedocypris progenetica fish found in Jambi, as the smallest fish in the world. 5-7 millimeters in length with a translucent body.

Activists Hope Forest Conservation managers, Surya Kusuma, say, a number of collaborative activities many studies reveal the diversity of wildlife in these forests. However, this habitat is currently under threat of exploitation.

The existence of a number of fish in local waters threatened wild bombing in the river. "Once we found dead fish in the river. Bombed," he said.

In addition to water endemic species, number of animals still make key Sumatra Forest of Hope as its habitat, including the Sumatran Tiger, Clouded Tiger, Tiger Root, Sumatran elephants, tapirs, hornbill, and Giant Squirrel. (ita)

Accelerate Radiation Cataract Incidence

In addition influenced by age, cataracts are also influenced by excessive exposure to ultraviolet light. Indonesia is located in the tropics with abundant sunshine citizens should be alert to the possibility of developing cataracts.

"Use the appropriate glasses to prevent excessive ultraviolet exposure," said Dr. Darwan M Purba, director of the Jakarta Eye Hospital Eye Center (JEC) Kedoya, (15/02/1014), in Jakarta.

Cataract accounts for 70 percent of the total 3.6 million cases of blindness in Indonesia. "Therefore, a cataract should get more attention," said Darwan.

Cataracts (endophthalmitis) is a microbial infection of the weight on the whole inflammation intraocular tissues. The infection is usually accompanied by pain, redness of the conjunctiva, and can lead to blindness. The number of cataract patients in Indonesia is the third largest in the world, as well as the first order for the Southeast Asian region.

According to Dr. Budi Riyanto Setiyo, an eye specialist who is also Medical Director of the JEC Kedoya, cataracts most commonly found in elderly people, especially over 50 years. Cataracts can not be treated with medication, but should be treated through surgery. Glasses only serves to reduce temporary blurring of vision.

Cataract surgery using a knife is a common method to solve or eliminate cloudiness in the lens. However, since the last two years, the hospital has done Kedoya JEC method bledeless surgery without a knife or laser cataract surgery with a zero percent success infections. "JEC Kedoya has conducted 5,455 cataract operations from 2012 to 2014 and there was no postoperative infection".

In cataract surgery the old way, the cornea is opened and surgery along 5-7 millimeters. While the operation is only open from 1.4 to 2.2 millimeters. Thus, the healing time is much faster.

Militancy Caring History Story

LIBRARY GENERAL MEDAYU

A room devoted storing rare books published by the mid-1800s and early 1900s, among them, Oud Batavia F De Haan's work in 1935 and early printed books Mijn Adolf Hitler's work camps.


Recorded journey of a nation, especially in the form of literature that is not uncommon destroyed and lost by war or socio-political conflict. In the Library Medayu General Surabaya, East Java, a few notes of Indonesian history can be saved and continue to be treated in limitations.

The library was located in South Medayu IV Road No. 42-44, Medokan Ayu, Rungkut, Surabaya. Although the building is simple, the contents of the library is priceless. A room devoted storing rare books published by the mid-1800s and early 1900s, among them, Oud Batavia F De Haan's work in 1935 and early printed books Mijn Adolf Hitler's work camps.

Outside the room there are old books that have been very fragile and only a single copy. Rare books that, among others, van Nederlandsch-Indie Statute 1893 and Der Tempel von Borobudur: Eine Studie buddhistische by Dr. Georg Mahn 1919. Two books which had been banned New Order government, such work to the Top Splendor Slamet Mulayana 1968, also on display .

Chinese citizens traveling press also documented the existence of such a collection of Sin Po published magazine in 1920, Keng Po, and the Sun. There are also several books that tell the history of the arrival of the Chinese in Indonesia, like a book written by the Dutch colonial government in 1925, Het Chineesche Zakenleven in Nederlandsch-Indie.

The library has 20,000 collection of books, magazines, newspapers, mostly themed political, social, and cultural. all
The collection was collected and still be able to read up to now thanks to Hiem Hwie Oei (75) who lived in Malang, East Java. Since adolescence, Oei've enjoyed reading and collecting books.

Oei was once a journalist Trumpet The society, which is published daily in Surabaya 1960 that make it easier to obtain, more books. When I became a journalist, interviewing and Oei often close to Bung Karno. Due to its proximity, it also became a political prisoner at the outbreak of Movement 30 September 1965 and jailed for up to Buru Island.

On the island of Buru, Oei it close to the literary maestro, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, who are both being held on the island. Oei had come to help find a reference to the novel This Earth of Mankind, Pramoedya's tetralogy.

Oei experience is what makes the Great Library Surabaya Medayu become more alive. Relics Bung Karno and Pramoedya go on display and add insight to the visitors. Functions into a library and museum in the Supreme Medayu.

Of Bung Karno, Oei save a textbook entitled "Socialism" committee composed of Trustees Spirit of the Revolution in 1962, signed Bung Karno. He also keeps some records of Bung Karno's speech on various occasions.

In addition to having hundreds of Pramoedya's book, Oei also save the original manuscript is in the novel Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya handwritten on a piece of sacks / paper cement. In the back of the library, there is a cement slab 20 cm wide and 34 cm long and weighing 6 pounds. It was used as a tool Pramoedya pres texts just in glue. "Bringing manuscripts and objects from Buru very risky, luckily I can do". Oei said.


limitation
Thanks to the persistence of collecting, storing, and caring for the collection. Indonesian Record Museum (MURI) award to Oei on May 14, 2014. "Figure like Oei is the only one in Indonesia and even in the world".

Oei was surprised to get the award. For him, it was his job to straighten out the history, through all that he did for this. From the beginning, all library collections Medayu General addressed to anyone who wants to learn the other side of Indonesian history has been played by the turn of the New Order

Oei said, the management of the library is still limping along. Substantial operating costs, making many Oei make savings, such as turning off the air conditioner and use the lights as needed.

Money for the operation was obtained from the donors through the foundation. Other income is derived from fees earned by Oei photocopies, no how. All collections visitors may read, but should not be taken home. Visitors can copy the desired collection.

"The workers are also forced to pay below the minimum wage. Fortunately, they have the same call with me to the purpose of the library," said Oei.

In the midst of all the limitations, Oei glad more and more number of visitors. Today, there are an average of 10 visitors who come to the library every day. Some researchers, students, and journalists from several countries has also been stopped. Supreme Medayu has worldwide name, it's a shame if that was pioneered militancy Oei stop halfway. (herpin)

Lost Cultural Strategy

Education Need a Clear Direction

Recognizing diverse cultural strategy with local wisdom in Indonesia will give birth to a generation that tolerant, respect for diversity, have good manners, and promote compassion. The absence of cultural strategy will lead to a dry process without aesthetic education.

This view of man, society, and life should be a joint cultural strategy that is more clear educational direction. Strategically important cultural function to guide the formulation of a philosophy of education efforts at the same educational system.

"Strategic culture is lacking. Past never existed. Consequently, there is no aesthetic. Aesthetic taste it to soften and improve attitudes and behavior".

With the strategy of cultures, traditions and appreciation of local knowledge diversity can be restored. It is considered missing so spawned the phenomenon of violence in society. "Strategies culture of one currency with educational strategies. Culture can not be separated from education. And education is part of the Culture".


Education should be able to make people realize that humans are in this world to connect with other people and the surrounding environment.

To give birth to generations of Indonesian specialties, education needs to instill character values ​​and the spirit of nationalism. One of the values ​​of nationalism is the ability to appreciate the differences in religion, culture, ethnicity, and gender. It became a pupil provision before plunging into the community. "Students should be good examples of teachers and adults".

Similarly, some of the conclusions in the discussion "Direction of Education in Indonesia", in Culture heralds Jakarta, June 16, 2014. (Luk)

Silk Natural Dyes from Darni

People have a habit of not washing Bugis silk sarong that has been used. In addition to worrying about missing rigidity, they also worried the color will fade. The colors used to dye yarn using a binder that does not easily fade.

Darni (27) natural dyeing training so now he can make the sarong and silk cloth that does not fade. More special, stain using natural ingredients, no chemical dyes. The use of chemical dyes on woven Bugis is so pervasiveness that almost nothing else remember this weaving was once colored by natural dyes.

"If you use chemical dyes, in addition harmful to the environment as well as to our own health. I ended up only using natural dyes though selling is not as easy to sell woven fabric dye chemistry", said in his home in the village Darni Sompe, District Sabbangparu, Wajo, South Sulawesi.

In contrast to the synthesis of dyes that just live life, to be made its own natural dyes and requires a long time. Darni using natural ingredients that are abundant or nature has become waste, such as kumia, mango leaves, and coconut sawdust..

From one kind of material, eg kumia, several kinds of colors can be produced, depending on the binder. For example, the orange color is produced from kumia locking alum added. The black color is produced from kumia added lotus and brown color of the wood powder binder added kumia whiting. coconut sawdust. produces gray and beige. Silk thread is dipped into the boiling water evenly natural materials and then dried.

Darni it took two weeks for the process of dyeing the silk threads that will be woven. Previously, he was treating himself spinning yarns of silk worm cocoons which silk-worms he also maintained his own. Thus, Darni working from upstream to downstream processes.

"When dyeing with chemical dyes, it only took 5 minutes. With natural coloring process need a two weeks for each dyeing process should then sun drying the natural drying process, can only be dyed again".

On average it need a 6-7 times dipping yarn according to target the desired color. Once completed, the threads that he weaves itself, by means gedogan or Walida. Darni make appropriate motifs or balo woven heart desires. Usually derived from the memory of some balo then he modified himself. Motifs and color weaving made ​​simple, but gives the impression of elegance.

Because in weaving with Walida, artificial cloth Darni only has a width of 60 cm, with a length of 4 meters for each strand. Walida or gedogan is a traditional loom behind legs. Of the two pieces cloth that can be made of two pieces of sarong. Within a month he can weave up to 8 meters. (sri)